Thursday 30 November 2017

The main components that make up an automatic transmission include

The automatic transmission has many components and systems that are meant to work together in a kind of mechanical, hydraulic and electrical technology harmony that has taken years to achieve.
The main components that make up an automatic transmission include:
Planetary Gear Sets: These are the mechanical systems that provide the various forward and reverse gear ratios. Automatic transmissions have gears in multiple combinations.
The Hydraulic System uses a special transmission fluid which is brought under pressure by an Oil Pump via the Valve Body to control the Clutches and the Bands in order to control the planetary gear sets.
Seals and Gaskets: these are meant to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and prevent it from leaking out.

The Torque Converter: this component acts like the clutch to let the vehicle come to a stop in gear with the engine still running. A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is mounted between the engine and the transmission
The Throttle Cable looks at speed and throttle position in order to determine when to shift. The Computer which controls shift points on newer vehicles and directs electrical solenoids to shift oil flow to the appropriate component at the right instant.
The Hydraulic system is a set of passages and tubes that sends transmission fluid to all parts of the transmission and torque converter. Transmission fluid is essential for various purposes such as shift control, general lubrication and transmission cooling. Every part of a transmission’s functions is dependent on a constant supply of fluid under pressure.


AVTEC manufactures high-precision components for global automotive and off-highway customers.

The transmission and steering components manufacturer make up the second largest product segment in the Indian auto components industry.
The replacement market in sub-segments such as clutches is likely to grow due to the rise in traffic density and lack of proper road infrastructure. For transmission parts manufacturers competition is expected to intensify in sub-segments including gears and clutches, especially with the entry of global players.
A transmission has a lot of parts to it. All the parts of a transmission are connected to each other and work together to deliver torque to the wheels.
Parts of a Transmission
Transmission pump -  It is located between the torque converter and the planetary gear set, the pump is what draws transmission fluid in and pressurizes it for the torque converter and transmission.
Planetary gear set – The planetary gear set consists of a sun gear, planet gears, and a ring gear, and is responsible for all of the gear ratios that your car uses.
Torque converter – The torque converter is a hydraulic fluid coupling that connects the engine to the transmission.
Clutches & Bands – Clutches and bands are used to help the transmission shift gears.

Sensors – Sensors are the control units of the transmission, and calculate the speed of the engine and wheels in order to decide which gear should be used.
Transmission valve body is a hydraulic control centre that regulates incoming transmission fluid and uses it to run a network of spring loaded valves, check balls, and servo pistons.

Transmission fluid (ATF) – The automatic transmission fluid is CRUCIAL not only provides fluid pressure but it also has lubricating and cooling capabilities to prevent overheating.

Wednesday 29 November 2017

Current Trend of transmission in commercial vehicles

An automatic transmission is also called as auto transmission, self – shifting transmission or   n – speed automatic transmission. Most of the vehicles now –a-days are coming with automatic transmission. It helps us to change the gears automatically according to the speed. Even the engineers also research the transmissions for commercial vehicles as it helps the improvement of vehicles which in turn brings the new technology into the market.
The various change in trends of transmission for commercialvehicles are
·    Manual Transmission vehicle
·    Automatic Transmission vehicle
·    Semi – Automatic vehicle
Automatic Transmission modes

The various modes of transmission for commercial vehicles are
·    Park (P): This mode restricts the vehicle from moving in any direction.
·    Neutral (N):  In this mode, the vehicle gets started.
·    Reverse (R): This mode allows the vehicle to move backward.

·    Drive (D): This mode engages the vehicle to drive forward and as the speed changes the gears change automatically.

Avtec offers engine and transmission components


The Indian auto component industry can be broadly categorised into six major segments. Engine and drive transmission parts together contribute about 50 per cent of the auto component industry production. Engine parts, which constitute 31 per cent of the production, mainly comprise of pistons, engine valves, car burettors, fuel injection systems, camshafts, crankshafts and cooling systems.
The sub-segments include pistons, piston rings, engine valves, car burettors, fuel-delivery and cooling systems and powertrain components. Engine parts comprise the largest product segment of the auto components industry.

Engine Parts helps to gain the most out of the vehicle’s engine. The tough Engine Parts from leading manufacturers are made to bear tolerances that outlast the tough road conditions and give excellent performance for years. The massice collection of Engine Parts includes Cams, Timing & Valve, Complete Engines, Cranks, Rods, Pistons & Oil, Engine Blocks & Cylinder Heads, Engine Hardware & Headbolt Sets, Fan & Timing Belts, Gaskets and Motor Mounts. Equip the vehicle with any of these incredible Engine Parts from the best engine parts manufacturers to ensure engine’s full potential!

Engine is a device that produces power. It is made by various parts connected to each other and work together to achieve power by burning of fuel. These parts are cylinder block, piston, cylinder head, connecting rod, crank shaft, oil sump, cam shaft, valves, spark plugs, injector, pushrod and manifold.
The auto component industry has developed the capability of manufacturing all components required to manufacture vehicles. The component industry has now complete capability to manufacture the entire range of auto-components such as Engine parts, Drive, Transmission Parts, Suspension & Braking Parts, Electricals, Body and Chassis Parts, Equipment

Tuesday 28 November 2017

Choose Good Auto Components Manufacturers in India

Firstly, you should have a look on the reviews of the various auto components manufacturers in India, so that you may come up with the right choice. In this way, you will become confident enough by knowing that you will be able to get genuine auto components to fit with your vehicle perfectly and that too without any other intricacies. You may become familiar with the experience of users to make sure that you may get services from a particular company to give an entirely new look to your auto.
Now days, vehicle owners in India may easily get many shops to fix the problem caused in their vehicles, as you may manifold auto component manufacturers in different regions of India. In fact, you may even get the necessary stuffs for your automobiles via online purchases to save your time, money and effort.

Once you succeed to get the right place, you may easily restore the regular functionality of the automobiles. Only you have to collect the following information associated with auto components manufacturers in India.

Go for a Detailed Conversation

Before you should buy any service from auto components manufacturers in India, you should communicate with representatives by knowing features present in particular products. This lets you to become confident enough and move ahead. After this, you will get free quotations with each important feature, which may help in choosing the perfect option. Whenever you opt to make online purchase, you should make sure of entering the right information, so that you may carry out the complete procedure in a successful manner. Once you submit the buy request, you may immediate response and finally get the required product.

Check the Type of Parts before Purchase
Owners of cars and other vehicles should make sure to check the type of automotive parts before they should make the final purchase. This will help them in getting the right part to meet the requirement of your vehicles. You should always remember that reputable automotive manufacturers always provide a variety of products to suite perfectly with diverse automobiles and applications. Moreover, they have the necessary contract to provide different types of parts for vehicles operating on diesel and petrol engines as well as transmissions for various SUVs, passenger cars and light as well as medium commercial cars/vehicles. 

Finding the Best Gears and Shafts for a Vehicle

Choosing the right kind of gears and shafts for a vehicle is a very important requirement one should consider. The best quality gears and shafts can make it very easier for one to handle the car. There are so many kinds of them that are provided many vendors. Here are few things one should consider while choosing them.
Know the Mechanism
It is good for one to understand how they work. It is advised to get the help of an expert who can provide the required details on the same. It is an add on knowledge for choosing the right parts.
Choosing the Sophisticated Design
It is also good for one to choose a very classic design of gears and shafts so that the car looks cool and you feel satisfied. It is necessary to find out the durability of the parts before purchasing it but looks does matter.

Durability
The products that one buy needs to be durable else it is a waste of money. There is no point of buying something with less cost as it may lead to many other issues which may be much costlier to deal with.
Flexibility

The parts should be very flexible such that it makes very easy for one to controlling the direction of the car. It makes it very easier for one to drive confidently on the road. The right choices of these parts always make it comfortable and safe for the ones driving the car.

Monday 27 November 2017

AVTEC is now setting benchmarks in the manufacture of high-precision engine and transmission components

Engine is a device that produces power. It is made by various parts connected to each other and work together to achieve power by burning of fuel. These parts are cylinder block, piston, cylinder head, connecting rod, crank shaft, oil sump, cam shaft, valves, spark plugs, injector, pushrod and manifold.
The auto component industry has developed the capability of manufacturing all components required to manufacture vehicles. The component industry has now complete capability to manufacture the entire range of auto-components such as Engine parts, Drive, Transmission Parts, Suspension & Braking Parts, Electricals, Body and Chassis Parts, Equipment
The Indian auto component industry can be broadly categorised into six major segments. Engine and drive transmission parts together contribute about 50 per cent of the auto component industry production. Engine parts, which constitute 31 per cent of the production, mainly comprise of pistons, engine valves, car burettors, fuel injection systems, camshafts, crankshafts and cooling systems.
The sub-segments include pistons, piston rings, engine valves, car burettors, fuel-delivery and cooling systems and powertrain components. Engine parts comprise the largest product segment of the auto components industry.


Engine Parts helps to gain the most out of the vehicle’s engine. The tough Engine Parts from leading manufacturers are made to bear tolerances that outlast the tough road conditions and give excellent performance for years. The massice collection of Engine Parts includes Cams, Timing & Valve, Complete Engines, Cranks, Rods, Pistons & Oil, Engine Blocks & Cylinder Heads, Engine Hardware & Headbolt Sets, Fan & Timing Belts, Gaskets and Motor Mounts. Equip the vehicle with any of these incredible Engine Parts from the best engine parts manufacturers to ensure engine’s full potential!

Automotive Transmission components: Gears and Shafts

A transmission means gears working together. Main components for transmission: gears and shafts. A Gear or cogwheel means a rotating machine part which has cut teeth or cogs which meshes with another similar part to transmit power. There are two types of gears are external and internal. External gears have teeth on the outer surface. Internal gears have teeth on the inner surface. The other types of gears are Spur gear, Helical gear, Double helical gear, Bevel gear, Spiral bevels gear, Hypoid gear, Crown gear, Worm gear, etc. Rotating machine element which transmits power from one part to another part is called shaft. Usually, gears are mounted on it. There are two types of shafts Transmission shafts and Machine shafts. Transmission gears and shafts are the key components because of which we are driving our cars today.

Types of Transmission
There are two types of Transmission
Automatic Transmission: In Automatic Transmission, the cars change the gears automatically.

Manual Transmission: In Manual Transmission the driver changes the gears using the clutch.   

Saturday 25 November 2017

Avtec automobile is manufacturing to deliver powertrain solution

Some newly launched components have managed great success down the town as well. People can get the hard to avail double bore tractor ball, automotive exhaust connector, and modern assembly parts. These components become easily available for the widest Auto components manufacturers in India. According to its collection range, the manufacturers capture advanced machine parts, PDC ingredients, components for automotive and non-automotive industries.     
Ø  The worldwide influences:
The company is serving the most durable components for automotive machines. Some foreign investments are helping the manufacturers to design innovative products. The product designs and making are influenced by the international techniques and methodologies. According to its planning, the products are different than simple and inefficient local items. With hundreds of promising planners, dedicated and skilled workers and international tools and techs, the manufacturer spreads creative items. The models are very much efficient that increase the mobility of the vehicles.
Ø  The new infrastructure:
After the modernization, automotive components have changed its infrastructure a lot. Now, the requirements of the markets are different. Vehicles have to cater longer services with good engine conditions and durable components. Therefore, advanced techs are being applied to assemble top-notch tools that would be lucrative. The key components and minor components are following the contemporary method of lean manufacturing to accomplish the demand of the industry. The leading manufacturers became able to organize the worldwide concept, tools, and techs to deliver acute components.

Ø  The range of components:
The front wheel parts of the company have got extra attention for its durability and long lasting specification. There are more in the durable category, like, seat frame, ball spring and other automotive components.
The leading Auto components manufacturers in India are providing top grade components to the automotive and non-automotive industries. The components are manufactured with the classy materials. Some advanced technologies have been conducted by the qualified engineers, which crafted the best components. According to the product's quality, rates and efficiency, the components got the certificate of ISO. 

Business listings of Gear Shafts manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in India

Types of gears and shafts:
The four important type of gears are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears. Among this, spur gear is the most commonly used gear type in which the teeth are straight and parallel to shaft. In helical gear, teeth are twisted and slanting to the gear axis. Bevel gear has the axes of two shafts intersect and the tooth of the gears are conically shaped. The teeth of the worm gear is cut on an angle to be driven by a worm. Shafts are classified mainly into two types namely transmission shaft and machine shaft. Counter shafts and line shafts are some of the transmission shafts while crankshaft is a machine shaft.

Requirements of gears and shafts:
        They must be completely rust proof.
        Precise design must be ensured for a fine finish.
        They should be easy to fix.

        Strength and stiffness should be mainly considered during the design of gears and shafts.
A gear is a rotating, toothed machine which engages with another toothed gear to change the speed and direction of the power source. This cylindrical wheel transfers mechanical power from one rotating shaft to another. When two different sized gears are involved, the smaller gear will rotate faster than the larger one for better performance. In order to achieve the specified speed in an automobile, gear has to be adjusted.
A shaft is a cylindrical rotating rod used for transmitting the power in a machine. It basically delivers the power from the engine to other parts of the automobile before reaching the wheels. Generally, shaft is made up of mild steel or alloy steel. The gear is mounted on the shaft at required position. 


Friday 24 November 2017

Transmission for the Commercial Vehicle


The primary purpose of the commercial vehicle is to get some profit out of the service of the vehicle. Due to this reason, consumption of less amount of fuel without any damage in the parts of the car is necessary. In this matter, transmission for the commercial vehicle plays a vital role. Why? The reason is there are two kinds of communications in any carriage:
    Manual
    Automatic

Why Use Manual Transmission?
The manual one is required to control the gear and shaft manually, as per the wise of the driver. Light loaded private carriages with passengers use this kind of transformation in the gear changes. In the matter of commercial carriages, as most of the time, they are filled with heavy loads either by passengers or by goods, it's better to avoid the manual transformation in the motion, speed and in taking up the direction.
Why Manual Procedure to be Avoided in Commercial Vehicle?
It is already discussed that the main purpose of the commercial carriages is to gain the profit out of the drive without having any damage in the parts or fuel consumption. In the manual procedure, the engine intends to consume more fuel because it keeps on changing the gear as well as the strength and speed. This ever-changing method needs more power, and it is derived naturally from the fuel.



On the other hand, the automatic procedure sets a particular motion and speed, which ensures an appropriate amount of fuel consumption. It saves more fuel consumption than the manual one. Therefore, the automatic procedure is the best transmission for the commercial vehicle.

The Transmission Gears and Shafts.

v  What is a Transmission?

The transmission is the conversion of the energy, which is derived from the fuel to gear up the speed and motion in a car. This transformation of the energy into useful power fluctuates as per the driving requirement. This change becomes low if the speed is reduced and it becomes high if the vehicle increases its speed. This transmission gears and shafts is a combination of the connection of the engine, gear, and shaft, which are interlinked inside the bonnet.

v  Transmission in the Gears

Gears are usually meant for taking up motion and speed to the car. All the six gears mean several speed manuals and it transmits from lower to higher speed according to the speed capacity of the car. This procedure can change itself from one condition to other with the variant usage of the fuel and power consumption.

This transformation of energy in gear can be manual or automatic. If the transformation is done in the handbook process, then it naturally consumes more power and fuel.

On the other hand, the automatic gear sets a particular speed ratio depending on the load on the carriage. It reduces the fuel consumption as the rate ratio is fixed and does not fluctuate unless the vehicle is set out of the auto gear mode.


v  Transmission in the Shafts

In crankshaft of the engine, the gear is changed automatically. Now the shaft itself is subject to the manual changes because it specifies the direction of the car and is connected to the engine, so the gear. Therefore, the shaft is somehow internally attached to the apparatus through the engine. Therefore, motion and direction are internally and externally connected through the shaft and gear quite correctly.

For the modification of the transmission gears and shafts, it is necessary to continue research on the betterment of the parts of the engine, which regulates all these activities of a vehicle from the core.


Thursday 23 November 2017

powertrain components manufacturers in India

In Powertrain, Power is generated and transmitted to automobiles and machines using the powertrain components. The main powertrain components are engine and gear. Other components include the clutch plate, transmission, differentials, wheels, shaft and propeller. The position of the gear is changed, as per the requirement to pass on the motion in a Powertrain. The rpm can also be altered by a powertrain. To simply put, powertrain uses its components to make the automobile move. It starts with engine and ends with wheel while transferring the power for the movement of vehicle.
Function of a Powertrain in a car:
The powertrain components used in a car are engine, transmission, driveshaft, gear box and so on. The key component, engine consists of combustion chamber, piston, crankshaft and spark plugs. The actual power in the car is provided by the powertrain. The energy derived from the fuel is transformed into power using powertrain components. The engine generates the required power and transmits to the driveshaft. The driveshaft turns the gear in the rear enabling the axles to move resulting in the wheels to rotate and operate.

Requirements of good Powertrain Component:
·         They should involve less emission.
·         Fuel consumption should be low.
·         Efficiency should be the first priority.
·         They needs to be a less weight component.
·         They should occupy less space while assembling.
·         They should be cost-effective.
·         They should ensure safe and comfortable drive. They should be able to endure any type of road surface.
While considering the above objectives, the performance of the powertrain component should not be compromised

Gears and shafts

Types of gears and shafts:
The four important type of gears are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears. Among this, spur gear is the most commonly used gear type in which the teeth are straight and parallel to shaft. In helical gear, teeth are twisted and slanting to the gear axis. Bevel gear has the axes of two shafts intersect and the tooth of the gears are conically shaped. The teeth of the worm gear is cut on an angle to be driven by a worm. Shafts are classified mainly into two types namely transmission shaft and machine shaft. Counter shafts and line shafts are some of the transmission shafts while crankshaft is a machine shaft.

Requirements of gears and shafts:
        They must be completely rust proof.
        Precise design must be ensured for a fine finish.
        They should be easy to fix.

        Strength and stiffness should be mainly considered during the design of gears and shafts.

Wednesday 22 November 2017

We manufacture transmission gears & shafts as.

Types of Transmission Shafts
Transmission shafts are found in a manual transmission gearbox. The transmission gearbox transfer the high output of an engine of the automobile to the wheels. This process helps to reduce it to a compatible speed. The gearbox does this through a complex arrangement of gears and shafts.
Input Shaft
The engine crankshaft of the automobile turns and creates power. The mechanical energy first goes through the transmission gearbox and then reaches the wheels. The first component to get this energy is the input shaft.
In a rear-wheel drive car, the input shaft is designed to lie along the same line as the output shaft, forming what seems like a singular component that is sometimes called a main shaft.
Counter Shaft
The counter shaft is placed parallel to the main shaft and is run by the input shaft through a pinion gear. In the manual transmission design, the gears are attached to the counter shaft permanently. In cars with front-wheel-drive, the input and counter shafts is actually the same thing. The counter shaft is also called a lay shaft.
Output Shaft

The output shaft is the final component that carries the power out of the transmission gearbox and on to the wheels.  A set of transmission gears are placed parallel to those that is on the counter shaft and arranged along the output shaft. Both output and counter shaft gears are meshed but the output shaft gears are not permanently attached to it. These are the gears that are shifted manually by the driver. The gear selected is fastened and rotates the output shaft along with it, while the others rotate freely until another one is selected.

transmission components for the Automotive and Off-highway Industry.

Engine is a device that produces power. It is made by various parts connected to each other and work together to achieve power by burning of fuel. These parts are cylinder block, piston, cylinder head, connecting rod, crank shaft, oil sump, cam shaft, valves, spark plugs, injector, pushrod and manifold.
The auto component industry has developed the capability of manufacturing all components required to manufacture vehicles. The component industry has now complete capability to manufacture the entire range of auto-components such as Engine parts, Drive, Transmission Parts, Suspension & Braking Parts, Electricals, Body and Chassis Parts, Equipment
The Indian auto component industry can be broadly categorised into six major segments. Engine and drive transmission parts together contribute about 50 per cent of the auto component industry production. Engine parts, which constitute 31 per cent of the production, mainly comprise of pistons, engine valves, car burettors, fuel injection systems, camshafts, crankshafts and cooling systems.
The sub-segments include pistons, piston rings, engine valves, car burettors, fuel-delivery and cooling systems and powertrain components. Engine parts comprise the largest product segment of the auto components industry.


Engine Parts helps to gain the most out of the vehicle’s engine. The tough Engine Parts from leading manufacturers are made to bear tolerances that outlast the tough road conditions and give excellent performance for years. The massice collection of Engine Parts includes Cams, Timing & Valve, Complete Engines, Cranks, Rods, Pistons & Oil, Engine Blocks & Cylinder Heads, Engine Hardware & Headbolt Sets, Fan & Timing Belts, Gaskets and Motor Mounts. Equip the vehicle with any of these incredible Engine Parts from the best engine parts manufacturers to ensure engine’s full potential!

Tuesday 21 November 2017

Avtec offers engine and transmission components

In transmission, the transmission components transfers the power and energy from the engine to the wheels mainly through the gear and shaft. It helps to maintain the speed of the vehicle without disturbing its performance. The transmission is connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The resultant energy of the transmission is transferred to the differentials through the driveshaft, which in turn operates the wheels. The transmission components are clutch, the gear box, propeller shaft, universal joints, rear axle, wheel and tyre.
Variants of transmission and its components:
The two main types of transmission are manual transmission and automatic transmission. In manual transmission, the gear is movable thus making the driver to alter and select the desired gear ratio while driving the automobile. In automatic transmission, the gear changes automatically without the physical involvement of the automobile driver. The major components of automatic transmission are planetary gear sets, the hydraulic system, seals and gaskets, the torque converter, the governor and the modulator while the manual transmission include gear selector fork, lay shaft, collar.
Necessary guidelines of transmission components:

·        They have to smoothly connect and disconnect the engine to the rest of the powertrain.
·        They have to permit speed reduction between engine and the drive wheels in the ratio of 5:1.
·        The power flow from engine to wheel should happen at right angles.
·        The driving wheels should be able to operate at different speeds.
·        They should be able to alter the power between the engine and the drive wheels.
·        Power should be transferred in reverse direction.
·        Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths.

·        They should be able to endure the driving force, braking effort and rotatory action efficiently.

Avtec automobile is manufacturing to deliver powertrain solution

An Automobile consists of different complex parts which helps in enabling proper and efficient functioning of the automobile. Due to the upgrade in the quality of life, more people choose to buy cars. Hence, the automobile industry is booming with greater demand. Auto components manufacturers in India consistently use advanced technology to manufacture the automobile parts with high precision and quality. Some of the major automobile components include the engine, gearbox parts, drive axle, oil filter, chassis, brakes, steering and suspension. Fluids and belts in an automobile may seem insignificant but they play vital role in maintaining the engine’s life.

Engine is the most important part which powers the entire vehicle. It decides the performance of the vehicle.
Gear box is also called as transmission. Transmission uses gears to transmit the power from engine to the wheel of an automobile.
Drive axle sets the vehicle in motion. It allows the driver to turn the wheel and control the vehicle.
Oil filters eliminates the dust materials and unwanted coarse particles from the engine oil. By doing this, oil filters ensure the effective functioning of the engine.
The frame of the vehicle is provided by the chassis which supports the various parts of the automobile such as engine, brakes, steering, axle, tires. The chassis is usually made by light steel or aluminum. The job of the chassis is to make sure the vehicle produces less noise and low vibration. If engine is the heart of the vehicle then, the chassis forms the skeleton of the vehicle.
Brakes are used to halt or reduce the speed of the automobile
http://www.avtec.in

Monday 20 November 2017

Engine parts manufacturer

Engine generates the power to the vehicle by burning the fuel. The main part of engine is the cylinder. Other parts of engine include piston, spark plug, valves, connecting rod, crankshaft, water jacket and sump. All the other parts are located in the cylinder itself. Each engine part manufacturer has to produce the best quality engine since it plays the important role in deciding the performance of an automobile.
Important parts of an engine:
In cylinder, the fuel reacts with the oxygen in air to produce heat to power up the engine during the combustion process.
Piston is the cylindrical shaped, movable part of the engine located on the cylinder. It moves up and down to convert the fuel energy into the mechanical energy.
Spark plug positioned on the cylinder head is used to initiate the spark to ignite the fuel mixture during combustion. Timing is crucial for the spark to make everything work accurately.
Valves is also placed on the cylinder head, opens up to let the air fuel inside the cylinder and used to let out the gas outside the cylinder.
Connecting rod revolves at both ends to connect the piston to the crankshaft. Its angle decide the movement of piston and crankshaft.

Located at the bottom of the cylinder, crankshaft changes the up and down motion of the piston into rotatory motion. This act basically makes the wheel to rotate in a vehicle.
Oil sump is conveniently placed on the bottom of the cylinder to collect the lubricating oil for the mobile partsof the engine.